A Rutgers study shows acetaminophen and ibuprofen outperform opioids for pain relief after wisdom tooth removal, leading to better outcomes and supporting ADA guidance to avoid opioids as first-line treatment.
A study by Rutgers Health has found that a combination of acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) is more effective at managing pain after wisdom tooth removal than opioids.
The trial, which included over 1,800 patients, revealed that those treated with the acetaminophen-ibuprofen combination reported less pain, improved sleep, and greater overall satisfaction compared to those who received hydrocodone with acetaminophen, an opioid-based pain relief option. This research could influence dentists to prioritize non-opioid pain management strategies for post-surgical care.
“We think this is a landmark study,” said Cecile Feldman, dean of Rutgers School of Dental Medicine and lead author of the study. “The results actually came in even stronger than we thought they would.”
Addressing Opioid Overprescription in Dentistry
Dentists, who rank among the nation’s leading prescribers of opioids, wrote more than 8.9 million opioid prescriptions in 2022. For many young adults, dental procedures such as wisdom tooth extraction are their first exposure to opioid medications.
“There are studies out there to show that when young people get introduced to opioids, there’s an increased likelihood that they’re going to eventually use them again, and then it can lead to addiction,” said study co-investigator Janine Fredericks-Younger, adding that opioid overdoses kill more than 80,000 Americans each year.
To compare opioid and non-opioid pain relief, the researchers conducted a randomized trial on patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth, a common procedure that typically causes moderate to severe pain.
Half the patients received hydrocodone with acetaminophen. The other half got a combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Patients rated their pain levels and other outcomes, such as sleep quality, over the week following surgery.
Results in The Journal of American Dental Association showed the non-opioid combination provided superior pain relief during the peak-pain period in the two days after surgery. Patients taking the non-opioid medications also reported better sleep quality on the first night and less interference with daily activities throughout recovery.
Key Findings: Non-Opioids Are Safer and More Effective
Patients who received the over-the-counter combo were only half as likely as the opioid patients to require additional “rescue” pain medication. They also reported higher overall satisfaction with their pain treatment.
“We feel pretty confident in saying that opioids should not be prescribed routinely and that if dentists prescribe the non-opioid combination, their patients are going to be a lot better off,” Feldman said.
The study’s size and design make it particularly notable. With more than 1,800 participants across five clinical sites, it’s one of the largest studies of its kind. It also aimed to reflect real-world medication use rather than the tightly controlled conditions of many smaller pain studies.
“We were looking at the effectiveness – so how does it work in real life, taking into account what people really care about,” said Feldman, referring to the study’s focus on sleep quality and the ability to return to work.
The findings align with recent recommendations from the American Dental Association to avoid opioids as first-line pain treatment. Feldman said she hopes they will change prescribing practices.
“For a while, we’ve been talking about not needing to prescribe opioids,” Feldman said. “This study’s results are such that there is no reason to be prescribing opioids unless you’ve got those special situations, like medical conditions preventing the use of ibuprofen or acetaminophen.”
Members of the research team said they hope to expand their work to other dental procedures and pain scenarios. Other researchers at the school are testing cannabinoids for managing dental pain.
“These studies not only guide us on how to improve current dental care,” said Feldman, “but also on how we can better train future dentists here at Rutgers, where we constantly refine our curriculum the light of science.”
Reference: “Nonopioid vs opioid analgesics after impacted third-molar extractions” by Cecile A. Feldman, Janine Fredericks-Younger, Paul J. Desjardins, Hans Malmstrom, Michael Miloro, Gary Warburton, Brent B. Ward, Vincent B. Ziccardi, Patricia Greenberg, Tracy Andrews, Pamela B. Matheson, Rafael Benoliel, Daniel H. Fine and Shou-En Lu, 4 January 2025, The Journal of the American Dental Association.
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2024.10.014
The Opioid Analgesic Reduction Study was funded by the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
